1 Simple Diagram of PCNL procedureįor more detailed info on treatments please click here. PCNL is an in-patient procedure, requiring patients to stay the night at the hospital. Unlike ESWL and URS, very few to no fragments remain, which is why PCNL is the procedure of choice for very large stones. The fragments are taken out by a vacuum through the incision. The incision is enlarged to about 1.5 cm, and a tool is inserted into the kidney to fragment the kidney stone. PCNL is the most invasive technique, involving the insertion of a needle into the kidney at the site of the stone. Alternatively, the stone can be caught in a “basket” at the end of the ureteroscope and then removed through the urethra in one piece. A laser can be used to break up the stone into very small pieces so that this can pass naturally. The stone is located and then removed using one of two different techniques. URS is more invasive than ESWL, requiring a fibre optic tube being passed up the urethra to the ureter. 1 Ureteroscopy Procedure General Outline (Basket Technique) ESWL is a non-invasive procedure that does not require general anesthesia or surgery, but the fragments of the kidney stones produced by the shockwaves have a chance of growing larger again instead of passing and may also potentially cause a blockage.
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